Lori Ko
Abstract
Diabetes is a severe long-term health condition that takes place when the quantity of glucose (sugar) in the blood is excessive because the body cannot use it appropriately. If left untreated, it can cause serious health problems. There is an inverse link with socioeconomic standing and the occurrence of type 2 diabetes. Being disadvantaged in terms of education,
and being disadvantaged in terms of income can double the risks of diabetes. Those in lower
ranks have poor indicators and outcomes. This is prominent in the middle years of life in underprivileged regions. Individuals with a greater income, or individuals with a greater family income are not as affected. Although other factors such as age, gender, marital status, race/ethnicity, and BMI were controlled, those who had advantages with income and education did not suffer as much as their poorer/less educated peers. Viruses, nutrition, and stress are also factors, and genetics and inheritance pattern can also significantly increase the chance of one’s risk for diabetes.The HLA genes give commands for proteins crucial in the immune system, and with a mistake, everything can go crucially wrong. The HLA haplotypes, which are the
group of genes inherited together from a single parent, can create an unsuitable immune reaction to beta cells. Management can help maintain or reduce chance of diabetes. With insulin resistance, the cells are resistant to the insulin, and are unable to use it as effectively, leading to high blood sugar. Preventative methods are maintaining a healthy diet, increasing physical activity, and taking medication.
Keywords: Diabetes, Glucose, HLA, haplotypes, and Insulin.
Abstract
Diabetes is a severe long-term health condition that takes place when the quantity of glucose (sugar) in the blood is excessive because the body cannot use it appropriately. If left untreated, it can cause serious health problems. There is an inverse link with socioeconomic standing and the occurrence of type 2 diabetes. Being disadvantaged in terms of education,
and being disadvantaged in terms of income can double the risks of diabetes. Those in lower
ranks have poor indicators and outcomes. This is prominent in the middle years of life in underprivileged regions. Individuals with a greater income, or individuals with a greater family income are not as affected. Although other factors such as age, gender, marital status, race/ethnicity, and BMI were controlled, those who had advantages with income and education did not suffer as much as their poorer/less educated peers. Viruses, nutrition, and stress are also factors, and genetics and inheritance pattern can also significantly increase the chance of one’s risk for diabetes.The HLA genes give commands for proteins crucial in the immune system, and with a mistake, everything can go crucially wrong. The HLA haplotypes, which are the
group of genes inherited together from a single parent, can create an unsuitable immune reaction to beta cells. Management can help maintain or reduce chance of diabetes. With insulin resistance, the cells are resistant to the insulin, and are unable to use it as effectively, leading to high blood sugar. Preventative methods are maintaining a healthy diet, increasing physical activity, and taking medication.
Keywords: Diabetes, Glucose, HLA, haplotypes, and Insulin.